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To fully understand buffer overflows and their implications, it is essential to first explain how program execution and memory management works on modern processors.
elf format Upon startup, the executable file is loaded into the main memory.
data, bss, text segment
stack, heap, registers
Among the first values pushed to the stack of an application are command line arguments and environment variables. Keep this fact in mind, it will be important later when calculating stack addresses and using these locations for exploitation.
function calls, stack frames, parameters
got, plt